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* Nucleic Acids
Elements C, H, O, N, P
Store genetic information
Examples: DNA, RNA
* Cells
All have the following features: cell membrane, cytosol, DNA, ribosomes
| comparison | prokaryotic | eukaryotic |
| nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles present | no | yes |
| size | smaller | larger |
| cell structure | unicellular | multi/uni-cellular |
| examples | bacteria | plants,animals,etc. |
** Endomembrane System (Organelles with membranes)
nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles, vacuoles, cell membrane
** Phospholipid molecule
hydrophilic head, two hydrophobic tails
** Cell membrane
Components: phospolipid bilayer, proteins
Feature: semipermeable
** Cell transport processes can be passive or active
Passive processes:
+ Do not require the cell to expend energy
+ Net movement from high to low concentration; "with" or "down" the gradient ("difference in concentation")
| Passive Transport Process | Description | Net Direction of Molecule Movement | Molecules transported? |
| Diffusion | molecules spread evenly into space | High -> low [H] -> [L] | O_2, CO_2 |
| Facilitated Diffusion | molecule movemement is assisted by proteins | "" | |
| Osmosis | movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane | | |
| | from high concenctration of water to low concentration | | H_2O |
** Solute
concentration in solution:
| hypertonic | greater solute concreation |
| isotonic | equal [solute] |
| hypotonic | lower [solute] |
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