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diff --git a/Homework/biol1010/28-Sep.org b/Homework/biol1010/28-Sep.org new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7f41fe1 --- /dev/null +++ b/Homework/biol1010/28-Sep.org @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +* Mitosis +prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase and cytokinesis. + +prophase: chromosomes condense +metaphase: chromosomes line up at the middle + +* Cancer Cells ++ Lost control over growth and division ++ Don't self-destruct when worn out or damaged ++ Pile up and can break away and form new tumors in other parts of the body (metastasis) ++ Don't do their jobs ++ Crowd out the healthy cells and prevent them from doing their jobs + +** Genes that cause cancer ++ Proto-oncogene - promotes cell division (gas pedal) ++ Oncogene (mutated proto-oncogenes) - promotes excessive cell divison (gas pedal stuck) ++ Tumor suppressor gene - normally inhibit cell division (brakes). when mutated, brakes don't work. ++ Usually more than one mutation (likely of each type) required to cause cancer + +** P53 +P53 (tumor suppressor gene) mutations identified in >50% of all human tumor cells + +** Contributors to cancer risk +\approx \frac{1}{3} inheritance + environment +\approx \frac{2}{3} random mutations + +** Cancer causing mutations can be inherited +*** Familial Cancers ++ Very rare, less than 15% of cancers ++ Gene mutations can be inherited from either or both parents ++ All of the cells in the body will have that mutation ++ Familiial cancer genes: APC (colon cancer), CRCA-1 and BRCA-2 (breast cancer + others), p16 (skin cancer) |