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+* Mitosis
+prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase and cytokinesis.
+
+prophase: chromosomes condense
+metaphase: chromosomes line up at the middle
+
+* Cancer Cells
++ Lost control over growth and division
++ Don't self-destruct when worn out or damaged
++ Pile up and can break away and form new tumors in other parts of the body (metastasis)
++ Don't do their jobs
++ Crowd out the healthy cells and prevent them from doing their jobs
+
+** Genes that cause cancer
++ Proto-oncogene - promotes cell division (gas pedal)
++ Oncogene (mutated proto-oncogenes) - promotes excessive cell divison (gas pedal stuck)
++ Tumor suppressor gene - normally inhibit cell division (brakes). when mutated, brakes don't work.
++ Usually more than one mutation (likely of each type) required to cause cancer
+
+** P53
+P53 (tumor suppressor gene) mutations identified in >50% of all human tumor cells
+
+** Contributors to cancer risk
+\approx \frac{1}{3} inheritance + environment
+\approx \frac{2}{3} random mutations
+
+** Cancer causing mutations can be inherited
+*** Familial Cancers
++ Very rare, less than 15% of cancers
++ Gene mutations can be inherited from either or both parents
++ All of the cells in the body will have that mutation
++ Familiial cancer genes: APC (colon cancer), CRCA-1 and BRCA-2 (breast cancer + others), p16 (skin cancer)